Me and the National Museum Collection, Inscription Canggal

On Sunday, May 22, 2011, I visited the National Museum of the Republic of Indonesia or better known as theElephant Museum. This is my first visit to this museum. ElephantMuseum was established on 24 April 1778 and located in Jl.Medan Merdeka Barat 12, Jakarta Pusat. There are around141.899 pieces in the museum collection, that's what makes this museum is known as the most comprehensive in Indonesia.

Elephant Museum collects many ancient objects of the archipelago. Among other things belonging to the collection isthe ancient statues, inscriptions, ancient objects and other craftitems. The collection is categorized into the ethnography, bronze, prehistoric, ceramics, textiles, numismatic, historicalrelics and precious objects.

Before the National Library building located at 27 JalanSalemba, Central Jakarta was established, Elephant Museum collection includes manuscripts of ancient manuscripts. The manuscripts and collections of the Museum Gajah is now storedat the National Library.

The source of many collections from archaeological excavations, the collector since the time of grant and the purchase of the Dutch East Indies. Collection of ceramics andethnographic collections in museums Indonesia is the largestand most comprehensive in the world. This museum is the firstand largest museum in Southeast Asia.

For the thrird historical tasks of this, I will discuss about one of the inscription at the National Museum collection, the inscription Canggal.

Canggal inscription is in the form candrasangkala inscription dates to 732 were found in the yard in the village of Temple Mount Wukir Kadiluwih, Salam subdistrict, Magelang, Central Java. The inscriptions are written using a script Pallawa andSanskrit. Viewed as a statement of self-inscription of KingSanjaya in the year 732 as a universal ruler of Ancient Mataram Kingdom. This inscription tells about the founding of linga (symbol of Shiva)in the village Kunjarakunja by Sanjaya. Canggal inscription also tells us that, before Sanjaya enthronedthere another king named Sanna who ruled the island of Javawith a fair and wise. After the death of Sanna situation becomeschaotic. Sanjaya Sannaha son (my sister Sanna) then appear as a king. Java island was peaceful again.

In the inscription stated that Sanjaya as the first king of the Kingdom Medang, while Sanna names are not mentioned.Sanna's probably not the king Medang. In other words, SanjayaSanna inherit the throne but founded a new kingdom that is different. The story is somewhat similar happened at the end ofthe 13th century, which inherited the throne of Raden WijayaSinghasari Kertanagara last king, but he founded a newkingdom called Majapahit. Sanjaya is the title as the king of Mataram Rakai QueenSanjaya. Can be estimated when Sanna was still in power,acting as regional head Sanjaya of Mataram (the Yogyakarta area now). Mataram is the area most likely used as a location forthe capital of the Kingdom Medang when Sanjaya founded. That is why, the Kingdom Medang also known as the kingdom ofMataram. Meanwhile, during the reign of Dyah Balitung, the capital of the Kingdom Medang was no longer in Mataram, butmoved to Poh Pitu.

When exactly the Medang standing not known with certainty. Amaster craftsman named Sanjaya Daksa descendantsintroduced the application Sanjayawarsa or "calendar Sanjaya".According to the analysis of historians, in a Sanjaya coincided with the year 717 AD. The figure in the rise to two interpretations, that of Sanjaya coronation as king, or it could also be the year of birth Sanjaya.

When Sanjaya ascended the throne in the year 717, this means that when epigraphist Tindi (732) is issued, the 15-year-oldMedang. Meanwhile, when the 717 is on the birth of Sanjaya, this means that when issuing an inscription Tindi it's still 15 years old and had become king. In other words, Sanna takeSanjaya as head of Nam province since the nephew is still the children (as Jayanagara the Majapahit era).

Kunjarakunja-village can mean "land of the ascetic Kunjara", which is identified as an ascetic rishi Agastya, a revered Hindumaharesi in southern India. In the epic Ramayana, is told that Rama, Sinta, and Admiral of the mountains to visit the ascetic Agastya Kunjara.

Based on the inscriptions found in the area Canggal Sleman mentioned that the name of an island "Yawadwipa" rich in whole grains and barley as well as gold mines. At first ruled by a king named Sanna, but after the king died his position was replaced by his nephew named Sri Sanjaya, son of the king's sister Sanna Sannaha. According to the chronicler of the Queen Sanjaya conguered or founded kingdoms in the region Bagelen. A century later keratonnya Wonosobo moved to the area, a region which is very fertile and strategically. Sanjaya was a descendant of raka-raka who holds a dynasty. Meaning Syailendra is Syaila: stone, mountain, and the senses: the king. So the dynasty was king of the mountains or masters who came from the mountain. It may also host a fall from Khayangan, because according to the myth of the mountain is a place bersemayamnya spirits of ancestors and the gods. King Sanjaya is an expert on scripture and soldiering, and during his reign succeeded conguered surrounding kingdoms. Even in the "book Parahiyangan" which originated from West Java to Bali mentioned territory, the Kingdom of Malay, Kemir (frangipani), Keling, Barus, and Srivijaya, while China had fought. King Sri Sanjaya considered as king of the highly respected, because kesohorannya famous in India. Even up until his state ties to Africa - Iran - China, because of its navy and his army strong and big. According to the book of the history of ancient Tang dynasty (618-906), the famous island of Java in a kingdom called "Ho-Ling" located on an island in the southern ocean. The city is surrounded by wooden fences, the king dwelt in the palace level, thatched palm leaves. The king sat on a throne of ivory.

Its people are good at writing and know the science of astronomy. If you eat sit and menggunankan hand without any tools, liquor wine. In the mountains there is an area called "Lang-pi-ya" where the king always went to see the sea. Also disclosed that the Javanese kingdoms in 640 AD to send envoys to China, as well as in the year 6576 AD In interpreting the news, written from the Tang dynasty of the kingdom "Ho-Ling" is mentioned the king lived in the city of Cho-p'o surrounded by 28 small kingdoms which are all acknowledged his authority. According to the chronicles the king's high officials assisted 32 people. Sanjaya is the kingdom of triangular shaped what is now known by the name "Ledok" is the most northerly corner of Bagelen. Bassist south coast, the mountain peak Prahu (Dieng) and the main river Bagawanta. SJ Van der Meulen ideas about Bagelen which is equated with chronic holing in the historical geography of China is considered quite logical by N. Daljoeni. Holing according to Van der Meulen Halin actually stands for "Bhagahalin" (Bagelen), the kingdom which is located in river valleys Bagawanta. Bagelen the same as mentioned in the chronicle Pagelen ox land, the kingdom which was originally ruled by kings Kanuhun. According to Dr. N Daljoeni what WJ Van der Meulen by digging a book of stories and chronicle Land Parahiyangan Jawi, a contribution which has opened up the dark history of centuries of 5 to 7 in central java.

While the results of research arkkeologi county Pekalongan, Bars and Kendal gives a new picture about the possible area - critical area and the approximate center of the Ancient Mataram Kingdom in the three districts, the south towards the more newly discovered archaeological data including inscriptions Sojomerto until the discovery in north- findings in the Dieng mountains.